Residency and Citizenship
Residency | Citizenship | Legal Representation | Financial and Tax Considerations
Residency in Cyprus
Cyprus is an increasingly popular destination for people seeking residency or citizenship within the European Union. However, obtaining residency or citizenship is governed by a set of rules and requirements that applicants need to be aware of. Here, we will explore the various routes to residency and citizenship and what each entails.
| Temporary Residency | Visitor Visa: Nationals from non-EU countries generally need a visa for short stays. The Visitor Visa is typically valid for up to 90 days within a 180-day period. Student Visa: If you're planning to study in Cyprus, a Student Visa is usually required. This type of residency is directly tied to your period of study and often allows for part-time employment. Employment Visa: For non-EU nationals, an Employment Visa is required. Obtaining this usually involves a job offer from a Cypriot employer, who must prove that the job cannot be adequately filled by a Cypriot or EU citizen. |
| Long-term Residency | Permanent Residency Permit: Often called the 'Category F' permit, this is aimed at non-EU nationals who have sufficient income from abroad to support themselves in Cyprus. It's a lengthy process, requiring various documents, including proof of income and health insurance. EU Long-term Residency: EU nationals residing in Cyprus for more than five years can apply for long-term resident status, which is essentially permanent residency for EU nationals. |
Citizenship by Investment
Cyprus had suspended its Citizenship by Investment program, which allowed individuals to obtain citizenship through substantial financial investments in the country. If this changes or if new programs are introduced, it's important to consult official channels for the most accurate and current information.
| Naturalization | By Residency: Non-EU nationals can apply for citizenship through naturalization after residing in Cyprus for seven years. The residency period is reduced to five years for refugees and spouses of Cypriot citizens. By Descent: If one or both parents are Cypriot citizens, citizenship can usually be passed down to their children, even if they were born outside of Cyprus. By Marriage: Spouses of Cypriot citizens can apply for citizenship after three years of marriage and two years of residence in Cyprus. |
| Special Cases | Humanitarian Grounds: In extraordinary circumstances, the Council of Ministers has the authority to grant citizenship for humanitarian reasons. Children and Dependents: Minors or dependent adults may have different or expedited paths to residency or citizenship, often tied to the status of their parents or guardians. |
Legal Requirements
Regardless of the route, there are general legal requirements like background checks, health insurance, and proof of financial stability. The specific documentation needed varies depending on the type of application, but it generally includes birth certificates, marriage certificates, financial records, and medical checks.
Legal and Professional Advice
It's highly advisable to consult legal professionals who specialize in Cypriot immigration law for tailored advice. Incorrect or incomplete applications can lead to delays or denials.
Citizenship
In 2024 there are three legal ways in which a foreigner can get Cypriot citizenship:
- Marriage to Cypriot
- Cypriot origins
- Naturalization based on years of residence
The Cyprus Citizenship by Investment Program, the fourth option for obtaining a passport, was abolished on November 1, 2020. Investors interested in obtaining Cypriot citizenship must go through the residency by investment path, which involves buying real estate and residing on the island as permanent residents for five years.
Naturalization Scheme:
Cyprus citizenship can be obtained by foreigners who have completed a total of 7 years of legal residence in Cyprus (2555 days of staying in Cyprus) before the application date. The applicant must have resided continuously in Cyprus through the last 1 year before applying. In cases of applicants who are children or parents of Cypriot citizens, the time required is 5 years rather than 7.
The same 5 years period requirement applies to holders of permanent residency status or successful applicants of the Cyprus residency by investment program.
On November 30th, 2023, an amendment to the Civil Registry Law was passed. The amendment allows highly skilled foreign workers to obtain Cypriot citizenship after residing in Cyprus for a shorter period, specifically 4 to 5 years (depending on their knowledge of the Greek language).
Read more about Cyprus citizenship legislation updates in 2023.
Government fees
Application submission – €500
Plus, on approval – €500
Rights and Obligations of Cyprus
Citizenship in Cyprus comes with both rights and obligations, which are outlined in the legal framework of the country. The rights and obligations associated with Cypriot citizenship are governed by laws and regulations. Here is an overview:
Rights of Citizenship in Cyprus:
Right to Vote: Cypriot citizens have the right to participate in elections and vote in both parliamentary and municipal elections.
Freedom of Movement: Citizens have the right to move freely within the territory of the Republic of Cyprus and to reside in any part of the country.
Right to Work: Cypriot citizens have the right to work in any legal occupation or profession within the country.
Right to Education: Citizens have access to education, including public schools and universities, on the same terms as other residents.
Healthcare Rights: Citizens are entitled to healthcare services provided by the public health system in Cyprus.
Right to Own Property: Citizens have the right to own property in Cyprus and enjoy the same property rights as other residents.
Right to Social Security: Citizens have access to social security benefits and services provided by the government.
Cultural Rights: Citizens have the right to participate in cultural and social activities, preserving and promoting their cultural heritage.
Right to Legal Protection: Citizens are entitled to legal protection, including the right to a fair trial, representation, and legal remedies.
Consular Protection Abroad: Cypriot citizens are entitled to consular protection and assistance when abroad through Cypriot embassies and consulates.
Obligations of Citizenship in Cyprus:
Allegiance to the Republic: Citizens are expected to show allegiance to the Republic of Cyprus and uphold its constitution.
Military Service: Male citizens are obliged to fulfill their military service requirements, as defined by the country's conscription laws.
Obedience to Laws: Citizens are obligated to obey the laws of Cyprus and respect the legal and judicial system.
Tax Obligations: Citizens are required to fulfill their tax obligations, including paying taxes and adhering to tax regulations.
Participation in Civic Duties: Citizens are encouraged to actively participate in civic life, including community activities, and contribute to the betterment of society.
Respect for Human Rights: Citizens are expected to respect the human rights of others and contribute to a tolerant and inclusive society.
Educational Duties: Parents are obligated to ensure their children receive compulsory education.
Health Responsibilities: Citizens are encouraged to take responsibility for their health and well-being.
It's important to note that the specifics of rights and obligations may vary, and changes in legislation can impact citizenship-related matters. This overview provides a general understanding, and individuals seeking detailed information should refer to the relevant legal documents and government authorities in Cyprus.
Legal Representation in Cyprus
Legal Assistance
Importance of legal representation in the residency/citizenship process:
Legal representation is crucial in the residency and citizenship processes in Cyprus for several reasons. The legal framework surrounding immigration, residency, and citizenship can be complex, and having experienced legal representation can help individuals navigate the procedures and ensure compliance with the laws.
Legal Fees
Overview of legal fees and other associated costs in the application process:
The legal fees and associated costs in the application process for residency or citizenship in Cyprus can vary depending on several factors, including the type of application, the complexity of the case, and the services provided by legal professionals. It's important to note that fees and costs may also change over time, so individuals should inquire about the latest information from the relevant authorities or legal representatives.
Consultation Fees: Legal professionals may charge a consultation fee for an initial meeting to discuss the specific case, assess eligibility, and provide guidance on the application process.
Application Assistance Fees: Legal representatives may charge fees for assisting with the preparation and submission of residency or citizenship applications. This includes reviewing and compiling necessary documents, completing application forms, and liaising with authorities.
Representation Fees: If legal representation is required during the application process or in legal proceedings, additional fees may be charged for the time and expertise provided by the legal professional.
Advisory Services Fees: Legal advisors may offer ongoing advisory services, providing guidance on legal matters, changes in regulations, and strategies to ensure compliance with residency or citizenship requirements.
Financial and Tax Considerations
Financial Planning:
Banking System: The banking system in Cyprus is an integral part of the country's financial infrastructure and plays a crucial role in supporting economic activities.
Transactions: Common transactions in Morocco include electronic fund transfers, cash payments, and credit/debit card transactions. Online banking and mobile payment services are also widely used.
Major Banks in Cyprus:
| Bank | Services | Area Served |
| Bank of Cyprus Public Company LTD | Retail Banking Corporate Banking Investment Banking Private Banking Commercial Banking Fund Management | Cyprus, Internationally |
| Hellenic Bank Public Company | Retail Banking Business Banking International Banking Private Banking Investment Banking | Cyprus, Internationally |
| Eurobank Cyprus Ltd | Corporate and Investment Banking International Business banking Private Banking Retail Banking | Cyprus, Internationally |
| Astrobank Limited | Retail Banking Corporate Banking Wealth Management Estate and Tax Planning Business Banking International Banking Portfolio Management | Cyprus, Internationally |
| Societe Generale Bank - Cyprus Ltd | Private Banking Corporate Banking | Cyprus, Internationally |
| National Bank of Greece (Cyprus) Ltd | Retail Banking Corporate Banking SME Banking International Business Banking | Cyprus, Internationally |
| Ancoria Bank Limited | Retail Banking Business Banking | Cyprus |
Opening Bank Accounts:
- copy of a valid passport, identity card (some banks will require notarized copies of identification documents);
- a utility bill stating the residence address of the applicant (the bill cannot be older than 6 months)
- an application form issued by the bank;
Tax Obligations
Taxation is a critical component of public finance, providing governments with the funds necessary to finance public services, infrastructure, and other essential functions. Here's an overview of key elements commonly found in tax systems:
Tax Types:
- Income Tax: Levied on the income of individuals and businesses.
- Corporate Tax: Applied to the profits of businesses.
- Value Added Tax (VAT) or Goods and Services Tax (GST): A consumption tax on the value added at each stage of production and distribution.
- Property Tax: Imposed on the value of real estate.
- Capital Gains Tax: Applied to the profit from the sale of assets.
- Customs Duties and Excise Taxes: Levied on specific goods and services.
Tax Returns:
- Taxpayers are generally required to file tax returns, providing information on their income, deductions, credits, and other relevant financial details.
- Different types of tax returns may be required for income tax, corporate tax, value-added tax (VAT), and other taxes.
Forms and Documentation:
- Taxpayers use specific forms or online platforms to submit their tax returns.
- Supporting documentation, such as financial statements, receipts, and invoices, may be required.